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BEHVIORAL BASED INTERVIEWING PREPERATION

Behavioral interviewing was developed in the 1970's by industrial psychologists including William Byham and Eric Prien. It is founded upon the well document basis that "the most accurate predictor of future performance is past performance in a similar situation." Nearly ½ of all organizations are using behavioral interviewing to some degree. Research studies indicate that it is 55 percent predictive of future on-the-job behavior, while traditional interviewing is only 10 percent predictive.

Traditional interviews ask questions such as:

Tell me about yourself.
Under which types of management styles do you function best?
What are your strengths and weaknesses?
Why are you interested in working for us?

Behavioral interviewing focuses on past performance and behaviors trying to elicit concrete examples of behaviors that match well with the requirements of the job. This increased rigor often leaves candidates unprepared for this more in-depth interview technique. Practicing the list of common interview questions is not enough to land a top job. In a traditional job-interview, you can usually get away with telling the interviewer what he or she wants to hear, even if you are fudging a bit on the truth. Even if you are asked situational questions that start out "How would you handle XYZ situation?" you have minimal accountability. How does the interviewer know, after all, if you would really react in a given situation the way you say you would? In a behavioral interview, however, it's much more difficult to give responses that are untrue to your character. When you start to tell a behavioral story, the behavioral interviewer typically will pick it apart to try to get at the specific behavior(s). The interviewer will probe further for more depth or detail such as "What were you thinking at that point?" or "Tell me more about your meeting with that person," or "Lead me through your decision process." If you've told a story that's anything but totally honest, your response will not hold up through the barrage of probing questions.

Employers use the behavioral interview technique to evaluate a candidate's experiences and behaviors so they can determine the applicant's potential for success. The interviewer identifies job-related experiences, behaviors, knowledge, skills and abilities that the company has decided are desirable in a particular position. The employer structures very pointed questions to elicit detailed responses aimed at determining if the candidate possesses the desired characteristics. Questions (often not even framed as a question) typically start out: "Tell about a time..." or "Describe a situation..." Many employers use a rating system to evaluate selected criteria during the interview.

As a candidate, you should be equipped to answer the questions thoroughly. Obviously, you can prepare better for this type of interview if you know which skills that the employer has predetermined to be necessary for the job you seek. Researching the company and talking to people who work there will enable you to zero in on the kinds of behaviors the company wants.

Advantages of Preparation for a Behavioral Based Interview

Candidates who prepare for behavioral interviews are better prepared for all types of interviews.

Using behavioral answers works well with all types of interviewers enabling you to manage the dialogue more effectively.

Companies that invest the time and energy in developing behavioral interviews are demonstrating a commitment to hiring the best.

At Human Resource Dimensions / RA Clark we have developed this information that will help you to prepare for the interview.

Companies that employ behavioral interviewing have predetermined the skill sets they require for a particular position. These skill sets could include: decision making and problem solving, leadership, motivation, communication, interpersonal skills, planning and organization, critical thinking skills, team building and the ability to influence others. The company determines the skill sets by doing a detailed analysis of the position they are seeking to fill. Job seekers also must go through this same process. To conduct a job analysis the job seeker should ask questions such as:

1. What are the necessary skills to do this job?

2. What makes a successful candidate?

3. What would make an unsuccessful candidate?

4. Why have people left this position previously?

5. What is the most difficult part of this job?

Once you have landed the interview, keep in mind the following points.
Be detailed and specific. You should have developed three stories that illustrate your past performance. Remember that the interviewer will be operating under the premise that "past performance in a similar setting is the best predictor of future performance."

The best way to accomplish this is to use the three-step OAR process or

Opportunity or Situation
Activity or Action
Result or outcome

For example, you might recount a time when communication within your office or work group had broken down (opportunity / situation). To resolve the problem, you organized informal lunch meetings for people to discuss relevant issues (activity / action). Morale then improved, as did the lines of communication (result / outcome). Using this three step OAR process is an excellent way for you to demonstrate and communicate your experiences and accomplishments for the interviewer.

Limit rambling and tangents. While you can't control what is asked, you can control what you say.
Listen carefully to each question. If you are unsure, rephrase the question and ask for clarification. When you respond, be sure to recall your past accomplishments in detail.
Practice your behavioral stories using real-life examples. It is very difficult to make up behavioral stories, which is why behavioral interviewing is becoming more popular. By practicing, you will be able to recall with confidence your past accomplishments.

Sample Behavioral Interview Questions

Decision Making and Problem Solving

Give me an example of a time when you had to keep from speaking or making a decision because you did not have enough information.

Give me an example of a time when you had to be quick in coming to a decision.

Leadership

What is the toughest group that you have had to get cooperation from?

Have you ever had difficulty getting others to accept your ideas? What was your approach? Did it work?

Motivation

Give me an example of a time when you went above and beyond the call of duty.

Describe a situation when you were able to have a positive influence on the action of others.

Communication

Tell me about a situation when you had to speak up (be assertive) in order to get a point across that was important to you.

Have you ever had to "sell" an idea to your co-workers or group? How did you do it? Did they "buy" it?

Interpersonal Skills

What have you done in the past to contribute toward a teamwork environment?

Describe a recent unpopular decision you made and what the result was.

Planning and Organization

How do you decide what gets top priority when scheduling your time?

What do you do when your schedule is suddenly interrupted? Give an example.

Other Behavioral Questions

Give a specific example of a policy you conformed to with which you did not agree.

Give me an example of an important goal which you had set in the past and tell me about your success in reaching it.

Describe an instance when you had to think on your feet to extricate yourself from a difficult situation.

In the interview, your response needs to be specific and detailed. Candidates who tell the interviewer about particular situations that relate to each question will be far more effective and successful than those who respond in general terms.

Interview Preparation Outline

Ideally, you should briefly describe the situation, what specific action you took to have an effect on the situation, and the positive result or outcome. Frame it in a three-step process, usually called an O-A-R, S-A-R, P-A-R, or S-T-A-R statement:

O opportunity or problem that existed – what were your responses?

A activity – what did you do to identify the issue or resolve the problem?

R results – what did you accomplish? What were the metrics in your success?

Possible Questions	Evaluation	OAR Response
Tell me about the toughest client you had to deal with and what you did to win him/her to your side?	Does the candidate practice a working philosophy? Is he committed to excellence?
Ability to multitask	What is a busy day for you? How do you handle it and how do you know you were successful?
Team Player – Collaborative	How do you define team player? Provide a personal example that illustrates your definition.
What stumbling blocks have you had to overcome in the past? How did you get around them?	Does the candidate recognize barriers? Or, is he a “coyote” in a roadrunner scenario?
Everyone blows one on occasion. Describe your last major goof. Why did it happen? What took place later?	Doest the candidate understand the seriousness, based on the scenario? Is the reasoning for the why logical?
Does you current span of authority require that you make decision that have an element of risk for your employer? How?	Does the candidate grasp the far-reaching consequences of bad decisions? Does he understand the level of responsibility? Accept consequences?
Have you ever had to make a “call” on a delicate political issue for which no prior policy existed? How did you reach your decision?	Did the candidate understand the risk? What factors were considered? Was the decision rational or emotional?
How do you monitor things that require your day-to-day attention? Does your system work?	Does the candidate show awareness that details need to be taught? Is the system logical? Does it work?
People who work with you (and for you) sometime bury information. How do you handle that?	Is the candidate aware that some people gunnysack bad news? How does he deal with it?
Milestones can fall through the cracks, even when you’re on top of things. Tell me about one thing that cost you something in terms of money last year? Lost time?	Doest he candidate understand the downside risk? Is there awareness of potential dollar/time cost?
Describe a time when you tuned out in a meeting or conversation? Why?	Evaluate listening habits, if a problem, does the candidate have an action plan? Is he aware of the problem?
Have you ever felt that a company policy was unfair? To you? To other employees? How did you handle it?	Check for resentment, bitterness, and/or malicious obedience. Can the candidate comply even when in disagreement?
What do you do when you have to work with management directives with which you disagree? Describe a recent example.	What comes first, the company or the individual? Which side does the candidate choose when there is a conflict?
Have you worked in a company/department where policies and procedures were being changed constantly? What was the effect? How did you react?	Can the candidate conform, or is there a frustration? Does the candidate roll with the punches? Does he understand that change is inevitable?
What are company terms for promotion in your most recent position? Does the policy work? Why? Why not?	Does the policy work toward career management? Is the company passing problem employees from on group to another? Perception?
What distinction do you make, if any between you external and internal customer? Where is your allegiance? Why?	How sensitive is the candidate to this push and pull? What is the financial issue? What is the political concern?
What is your experience with client surveys? What do you like? Dislike? How did you use the data?	Is he skilled enough to execute a plan? Were the outcomes implemented and impactful?
Are there any negative consequences to the philosophy the customer is always right?	Is the candidate overly responsive to customer demands and too willing to change processes and timetables? How does he articulate a stand?
What kind of things upset you on the job? How do you react?	Does the candidate have a short fuse? Can he bury anger?
Tell me about an interpersonal conflict you had with someone on the job. How did you handle it? What is the relationship like today?	Did the candidate deal directly? Was there honest, problem-focused approach or involvement with the boss? What is the long-term alliances?
What is the most recent “pressure cooker” situation you have faced? How did you react?	Does the candidate explode? Walk away? Give up? React maturely?
There are always situations in the work environment that cause stress and problems. Describe one or two for me.	Can he cope with pressure? How do the examples relate to the company culture? Is there a pattern?
What is the basis you use for making decisions? Logic? Intuition? Give an example of your technique.	Are decisions hard or soft? Is there real decisiveness of action? How does that relate to the job in question?
What is the hardest decision you have had to make? How did you make it? How did it turn out?	Can he make tough decisions? Are the hard decisions postponed? What values are applied?
What is the biggest career mistake you have made to date? What was the reason? How did you recover?	Look for evidence of logic and reason, or of impulsiveness. Are all the facts considered?
All of us are at times part of the problem rather than the solution. Describe a time when this happened to you.	Did the candidate recognize the situation? What steps were taken to solve the problem? Is there evidence of defensiveness?
Have you ever had to stand up and be counted on an unpopular stand? Describe it for me.	Is the candidate committed or just hardheaded? Is there enough bend to be a team player?
Have you recently changed you mind on an issue after having taken a stand? What happened?	What factors changed the decision? New data? Adverse reaction? Internal politics?
Have you ever had to do something that you know was right, but that would hurt you? Can you describe it for me?	Can the candidate assume responsibility for something unpopular? Is there strength of conviction? Responsibility?
All of us face pressure to take action. How is this a factor in your present job? Describe how you react to this situation?	How comfortable is the candidate when faced with forced choices? How analytical? Does he have the strength of conviction?
What does balance of life mean to you?	Is the candidate able to carve out time for nonwork activities? What’s important to him?
What qualities have you liked/disliked about your bosses? Why?	Where does the candidate place honesty? Integrity? Trust?
What would you do if you were asked to do something that you felt was unethical?	How much is the candidate willing to do to take a stand? How much will he push the envelope?
What does success mean to you? How would you assess yourself?	What measures are being used? How balanced are they?
Some people have a knack for being flexible ---- of adapting. Tell me about a time when you made this approach work well.	Can the applicant adapt style to the requirements of a given situation? Is the example given really a meaningful situation?
When was the last time you changed your personal style to adapt to someone? Describe the situation for me.	Look for evidence of general or specific style changes—whether real or related to the role.
In any job, have you tolerated someone you don’t like? Give me an example. How did it work for you?	How much insight is evident? Can the candidate really deal with individual differences? Does behavior really adapt to requirements?
Are there times when you really should not negotiate? When you should stand fast? Describe such a case.	Look for signs of rigidity or indicators of unwillingness to compromise if required.
What do you do when you realize you are going to miss a goal? Describe such an occurrence in your present/past job.	Are realistic goals being set? What ongoing performance feedback system is here? Are goals data-based or intuitive?
How do you personally approach goal setting? What criteria do you use? Describe a typical goal and how you derived it.	Does the candidate use specific tools or aids, or just arrive at goals intuitively? Is goal setting periodic or continuous?
Have you ever stuck with a goal after it became evident that it was a mistake? Why?	Is the candidate flexible? Is performance recognized as being more than just hitting the numbers or achieving profitability?
What is the best staff meeting you have attended recently? The worst? Why?	Does the candidate view meetings as useless? What mention is there of group dynamics and active participation?
In your current job, describe a situation where you had problems getting people working together in solving a problem or finishing a project. Be specific.	Was a systematic teamwork strategy worked out or did the candidate just wing it. Was the candidate firmly in control, or were the employees?
Do you think that participation in team sports can be helpful in adapting to business? Why? Why not?	Does the candidate see a relationship between sports and business (life)? Can the relationship be described?
Have you had to work with (or manage) employees who were resistant to management? How did you handle it?	Does the candidate recognize the reasons for resistance? Which side did the candidate take? What approach was used? Was it successful?
What is the biggest waste of time on your current job? How would you change it or avoid it if you could?	How creative is the answer? If he mentions “meetings” how would he streamline them?
Do you prefer to work with set routines, or do you like to try new approaches? Why? How successful are you?	Does the candidate adapt to a system? Use tricks from a former job? Look for new techniques?
What do you think is the best new idea you’ve seen in your experience in the past five years? What is different about it?	Can the candidate recognize and understand creative work approaches? Did he learn from the experience? Adapt it for personal use?
What is the most creative thing you have done in your current job? Why?	Can the candidate adequately explain creativity? Look at the nature of the activity and assess carefully.
How do you delegate responsibility on your current job?	Is there true delegation, or are there strings attached? Does he delegate or dump?
Have you seen managers abuse their authority? How did you personally react?	Can the candidate use persuasion as well as force? Is there a joy in the exercise of power?
What have been your major successes and failures as a manager? Why do you rate them that way?	Evaluate for effectiveness; consider the stage of the candidate’s career, especially in failure situations. Look for maturity factors.
What was the style of the best manager you have had? What made that person so successful?	Look for evidence that the candidate recognizes leadership techniques. Has he adapted there techniques?
What motivates you? Do you use those techniques on others?	Check for self-awareness and projection to others.
Describe the most motivational person you have known. Are you like that person? In what ways are you the same? Different?	Examine the “projection” made in the comments. Is the candidate aware of motivational characteristics / techniques?
How was your morale on your last / present job? Why?	Does he understand the factors that influence individual and / or group morale?
Have you seen supposedly high motivators fail? Why do you think it happened?	Can he understand / evaluate motivational factors?
Have you been able to find out what it really takes to sell your boss on a new program or technique?	How well does he read people? Is he really sensitive to other viewpoints?
Have you seen situations where new technology has threatened jobs in your company / department? What happened?	Does he recognize that technological obsolescence is a threat? Does he recommend involvement in suggested change as a tool?
Many communications contain hidden messages, and nonverbal communication is often the loudest of them all. Have you been able to read such messages? Give an example.	How well does he read between the lines? Is there evidence of being fully tuned in to communications?
Is there someone in your department who seems to be successful at getting things done under trying circumstances? What makes that person good at it?	Does he accurately assess the successfully strategy and tactics used? Or, is it chalked up to charisma?
How do you schedule your time for the busiest day of the week?	Who controls his schedule? Is there evidence of planning or of reaction?
On your last job, describe a time when your carefully laid plans got all fouled up by someone else. How? How did you regroup?	Is the person adaptable? Rigid? How was the mess cleared up? Is there evidence of flexibility and resourcefulness?
How have you set your priorities in your current job?	Evaluate the candidate in terms of near term vs. long range. In what context are priorities established?
Plan ahead is a general slogan in business. How far ahead do you have activities laid out? What major items are on your agenda next week?	Is there evidence that he anticipates requirements? Can he change as requirements change?
Explain a typical problem that you face all the time and how you would go about solving it. Is the timing appropriate?	Does he use logic and consider impact?
How do you feel about using a formal problem solving process? What works? What doesn’t? Provide an example.	Does the candidate see the value of a structured model? Is the example appropriate?
Tell me what you know about groupthink. Give me an example of what your tried to avoid it.	How familiar is he with problem solving in groups? Are there skills in facilitation surfacing?
The world of quality / continuous improvement has impacted the way people solve problems in business today. Tell me about your experience here and what you learned and applied to your problem-solving skills.	Does he have real expertise and / or understanding of the field? How does he articulate the problem-solving approach?
Tell me about a case in which your ideas were rejected by your boss. How did you work through the situation?	Does he bow down to management? Does he go back and do homework for another try? Is he persistent when right?
Have you ever had to sell a program or an idea under bad circumstances? Describe the situation.	Can he deal with difficult scenarios? Can he convince others? Change opinions? Give up?
We all have to make tough calls under pressure or do something that’s out of favor at the moment. Describe one for me.
How do you react when asked to make a decision in a vacuum

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